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Título: Reseña del 22/1/1924 del The New York Times sobre la muerte de Lenin- Enlace 1 - Enlace 2

Texto del artículo:


http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0121.html


En inglés, hoy en la sección de
aniversarios del New York Times aparece la crónica que publicó el periódico el 22 de octubre de 1924, el día después de su muerte.

Está en ENLACE 1
y es un documento muy interesante. En los últimos párrafos se habla de la disputa entre Stalin y
Trostsky para la sucesión. Todos sabemos cómo terminó.
ENLACE 2 a la siguiente fotografía de la portada:

---------
Lenin Dies Of Cerebral Hemorrhage; Moscow Throngs Overcome With Grief; Trotsky Departs Ill, Radek In Disfavor
Soviet Congress In Tears Mass Hysteria Only Aborted by a Leader's Brusque Intervention BODY WILL LIE IN STATE Is to be Taken to Moscow Today From Village Where Premier Passed Away. KREMLIN WALL HIS TOMB Washington Expects no Immediate Change in the Policy of the Russian Government.
By Walter Duranty
By Wireless to The New York Times

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Veto Threatened On A High Surtax: President Stands Inflexibly for Secretary Mellon's 25 Per Cent Rate: Compromisers Unmoved: House Committee Decides to Act on Indirect Taxes First and Surtax Last.

Moscow, Jan. 22 -- Nikolai Lenin died last night at 6:50 o'clock. The immediate cause of death was paralysis of the respiratory centers due to a cerebral hemorrhage.

For some time optimistic reports had been current as the effects of a previous lesion gradually cleared up, but Lenin's nearest friends, realizing the progress of the relentless malady, tried vainly to hope against hope.

At 11:20 o'clock this morning President Kalinin briefly opened the session of the All-Russian Soviet Congress and requested every one to stand. He had not slept all night and tears were streaming down his haggard face. A sudden wave of emotion- not a sound but a strange stir- passed over the audience, none of whom knew what had happened. The music started to play the Soviet funeral march, but was instantly hushed as Kalinin murmured brokenly:

"I bring you terrible news about our dear comrade, Vladimir Ilyitch." [Nikolai Lenin was his pen name.]

High up in the gallery a woman uttered a low, wailing cry that was followed by a burst of sobs.

Kalinin Breaks the News.

"Yesterday," faltered Kalinin, "yesterday, he suffered a further stroke of paralysis and ---" There was a long pause as if the speaker were unable to nerve himself to pronounce the fatal word; then, with an effort which shook his whole body, it came-- "died."

The emotional Slav temperament reacted immediately. From all over the huge opera house came sobs and wailing, not loud nor shrill, but pitifully mournful, spreading and increasing. Kalinin could not speak. He tried vainly to motion for silence with his hands and for one appalling moment a dreadful outbreak of mass hysteria seemed certain. A tenth of a second later it could not have been averted, but Yunakidze, Secretary of the Russian Federal Union, thrust forward his powerful frame and with hand and voice demanded a calm. Then Kalinin, stumbling, read out the official bulletin.

"Jan. 21 the condition of Vladimir Ilyitch suddenly underwent sharp aggravation. At 5:30 P. M. his breathing was interrupted and he lost consciousness. At 6:50 Vladimir Ilyitch died from paralysis of the respiratory centers.

"Dated 3:25 A. M., Jan. 22

"Signed:

"Drs. OHUNK, [Lenin's personal physician and chief of the Moscow Health Department, who gave Lenin first treatment when wounded Aug. 30, 1918.]

"SEMISKO, [a close personal friend of Lenin and Minister of the Health Department]

"FOERSTER,

"GTYE,

"OSIGOf,

"YEWISTRATOF.

"We propose," continued Kalinin, "that the twenty-first day of January henceforth be set aside as a day of national mourning." By a tragic coincidence today- Jan. 9, old style, is a similar Bolshevist holiday in memory of Father Gapon's petitioners, massacred by the Czar's troops in the courtyard of the Winter Palace on "Bloody Sunday," 1905.

"Do you agree?" questioned Kalinin.

A confused sound, half sob, half sigh, was the only assent.

Whole Congress Gives Way to Grief

Kalinin tried to tell the funeral arrangements, but broke down completely.

Kamenief and Zinovief, equally unnerved, and other members of the Presiding Committee had laid their heads on the table and cried like children. Even the daredevil Cossack leader Budyenny was weeping unrestrainedly, while the delegates in the body of the theater stood motionless, sobbing, with tears coursing down their cheeks.

Finally Lashevitch, a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party and President of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee, stepped to the speakers' rostrum. His strong, square body in khaki uniform with dull red facings radiated calm as in a firm voice he announced that the members of the Presiding Committee and a group of senior delegates to the Congress would go tomorrow at 6 A.M. by special train to the village of Gorky, 28 versts from Moscow, where Lenin died to bring back the body by train, reaching Moscow at 1 o'clock, and the delegation would escort it to the "House of Columns"- the former nobles' club in the center of the city- where it would lie in state until the funeral on Saturday in order that the population might "freely pay their last respects to their dead leader.

So great was the continued emotion that no one on the presiding committee thought to give the order finally to play the Soviet funeral march until reminded from the audience.

Owing to a partial breakdown of wires, the result of a recent abnormal snowfall, it appears that the news of Lenin's fatal seizure did not reach Moscow until shortly after 8 o'clock last night. Lenin's wife, Nadjeduda Constantinova Krupshata, was with him at the end. Kalinin and other leaders left for Gorky about 9 o'clock, but the news was not known even in the Government offices until late at night.

Moscow Pubic Stunned.

The news of Lenin's death only became known to the general public by special fly sheet editions which appeared on the streets at 6 o'clock. It was snowing heavily and as usual on a comparatively few people about. The flags decorating the public buildings are hung out from the facade rather than hoisted on a mast above, so the only half-masted red banner over the clock tower of the Kremlin and the flags on the foreign missions gave the sign of mourning.

Curiously enough, the newsboys did not shout the tidings, but each speedily became the center of a group asking "What is the news? Is it a telegram from abroad, or what?" At the first glimpse of the black bordered sheet some one cried: "Trotzky is dead!" That it seems was the impression of even several members of the presiding committee of the Soviet Congress last night when a few leaders left hurriedly in obvious perturbation, so little did any one expect the sudden end of Lenin.

As the news became known it produced literal stupefacation. The correspondent watched dozens of people seize the sheet and stare blankly at the huge headline. A spell of silent dismay that overspread one group after another was perhaps the most remarkable tribute to the dead leader, for these were not Communists or workers, but people of all sorts, poor and prosperous alike. The correspondent heard a well-dressed man say dazedly to a tattered beggar:

"Lenin is dead."

"Didn't you know that?" was the reply with an extraordinary mingling of scorn and pride. "All the city knows it- I knew this morning."

The fly sheet announced that a special committee had been appointed to make arrangements for the funeral, consisting of Djerjinsky, President Muralof, Military Governor of Moscow; Lashevitch, member of the Supreme War council and President of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee; Voroshilof, Budenny's Chief of Staff, and also a member of the Supreme War Council; Molotoff, Zelinski, and Yenakidze. Their first act was to order the closing of all theatres and places of amusement until the funeral.

Blood Vessel Burst in Brain

An autopsy performed on Lenin's brain this afternoon showed it flooded with blood. The theory of the physicians is that the bursting of a small blood vessel produced almost complete paralysis of the respiratory system which was followed an hour later by an extensive lesion causing instant death.

The house where Lenin died has a tragic history. It is a broad low mansion with columns in the Italian style in the center. It was bought a score of years ago by Sava Morosof, self-made billionaire chief of the Russian textile trust. Morosof had liberal ideas, and after a bitter dispute in 1905 with his brothers, who opposed his plan for extended profit sharing with the employees, killed himself. The house stands in the center of a wooded hilly park through which winds a mile and a half drive from the hamlet of Gorky- the first village in Russia, thanks to Lenin, to obtain electrification, upon which the Bolshevist leader laid such stress for Russia's future development.

Lenin will be buried in the Kremlin Wall in the Red Square where lie John Reed, Sverdlof, first President of the Soviet Republic, and other well-known figures of the Bolshevist revolution.

Sidelights on Lenin's Character

Interesting sidelights on Lenin's character have been given to The New York Times correspondent by a young woman who worked for him as stenographer. In the dark days of 1918 when Soviet Russia was beleaguered on all sides by enemies Lenin received the news that Trotsky had defeated the Czechoslovaks at Sviask, near Kasan, on the Volga. Lenin, she said, danced with glee like a child.

The first time she spoke with him was a little earlier when during an important meeting he noticed she kept looking up from her work to watch the man of whom she had heard so much but had never seen before. After the meeting Lenin came to her desk.

"Little Comrade," he said smiling, "here I am. We must shake hands because we are going to work together."

Much more recently the girl put the Council of Soviet Comissars' stamp in the wrong place above Lenin's signature. She did not like to confess her error, but when the document was sent back for correction she took it to Lenin and said: "You ought to have signed on the left under the stamp as well as here on the right."

Lenin looked at her with twinkling eyes and replied:

"I sign wherever and as often as necessary, my little comrade- to correct your mistakes."

Internal Effects in Russia

What has been the internal effect in Russia of Lenin's death? Only today the Pravda prints a final furious attack by Stalin, the chief machine leader, upon Trotsky, Radek, Preobrajenski and other "insurgents." But the fact that the speech which was delivered three days ago was allowed to go abroad in the columns of the Pravda seems to show that the Bolsheviki are less worried about the split in their ranks than the machine's leaders would be willing to admit.

Nevertheless with Lenin dead and with Trotsky ill and his supporters blamed and even in some cases expelled from high positions, it is the general opinion that Lenin's death will unify and strengthen the Communist Party as nothing else could do. No one who knows them both doubts that Trotsky and Stalin will bury the hatchet over his grave.

Trotsky had a high fever all last week and left for the Caucuses Saturday. It is doubtful whether he will be able to return for the funeral, but his friends say there is no possible doubt of his loyalty.

Lenin's successor as President of the Russian Council of Commissars will be determined, it is stated by the Congress of the Russian Soviet Federation, which is unlikely to meet before Monday, Rykov and Kamenef are the most probable candidates.

Artículo de www.profesionalespcm.org insertado por: El administrador web - Fecha: 22/01/2010 - Modificar

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